Materi Ujian Nasional

1.    INFORMASI TERTENTU

Informasi tertentu diperoleh dengan cara melihat sekilas atau membaca dengan cepat karena informasi ini tertera jelas dalam teks. Informasi tertentu biasanya merupakan jawaban pertanyaan tentang siapa, dimana, kapan.

Contoh :

In a football game, some people do not play the game. They have important roles in a football game. They are the coach, the referee, the linesmen, and the spectators. The coach trains the players how to play the game. The referee controls the game. He blows the whistle when there is any violation. The linesmen help the referee control the game. One group of  spectators usually supports one of the two teams. Another group of spectators supports the opposing team.

               In a professional football match, each team has more than eleven players. Not all of them play the game. Some of them watch the game from the side of the field. They will play when they have to substitute any player who gets serious injury.

Questions :

a. Who controls the game in a football ?

b. How many players does each team have in a professional team ?

Answers :

a. The referee

b.  More than eleven players.

2.      GAMBARAN UMUM

Gambaran umum merupakan intisari, topic, pokok isi bacaan. Sub kompetensi ini biasanya menanyakan judul dari teks bacaan atau tentang apa (topic) teks bacaan tersebut.

Contoh :

Read this paragraph!

It’s like a zoo but the animals are not caged. Giraffes, monkeys, hippopotamus, even lions and tigers wander around freely. Perhaps you may think, what if these animals attack? No, they won’t. because, you look at them from inside your car or bus. Here, it is the other way around. At the zoo, the animals are locked in the cage. At the Safari Park you are the ones locked inside your vehicle.

     

      Question    :  What does the paragraph mostly talk about?

 Answer     :  The Safari Park

3.     PIKIRAN UTAMA (main idea) tersurat.

Keterangan, penjelasan atau pendapat penulis tentang topik subjek penulisan. Pikiran Utama tersurat merupakan kalimat utama (topic sentence) dari suatu teks bacaan atau paragraf. Kalimat utama tersebut terdapat pada bagian awal, bagian tengah atau bagian akhir dari suatu teks tetapi umumnya terletak dibagian awal. Pikiran utama biasanya merupakan sebuah kalimat atau pernyataan lengkap.

Contoh :

Bicycles are very popular today in many countries. Many people use bicycles for exercise. But exercise is only one of the reasons why bicycles are popular. Another reason is money. Bicycles are not expensive to buy. They do not need gas to make them go. They are also easy and cheap to fix. In cities, many people like bicycles better than cars. By bicycles, they never have to wait in traffic. They also do not have to find a place to park. Finally, bicycles do not cause any pollution.          

Question    : What is the main idea of the paragraph ?

Answer      : Bicycles are very popular today in many countries

4.     PIKIRAN UTAMA TERSIRAT.

Ketengan, penjelasan atau pendapat penulis tentang topic subjek penulisan. Pikiran utama tersirat tidak terdapat pada kalimat utama (topic sentence) tetapi diperoleh dengan cara menyimpulkan dari kalimat-kalimat dalam suatu teks bacaan atau paragraph.

5.     INFORMASI RINCI.

Informasi yang tidak tertera secara jelas pada teks bacaan. Untuk memperoleh informasi ini, kita harus membaca secara rinci atau intensif (intensive reading) setiap bagian dari suatu teks bacaan.

Contoh :

Josse and Robby decided to a film theatre to relax. They were very tired after finishing the exams. They chose to see an adventure film. They didn’t want to see drama, thriller or horror movie. They wanted to forget studying for one night.

So, they bought two tickets for a movie called Lord fo the Rings, They Fellowship of the Rings. They got in the theatre just on time before the movie started.

Inside the theatre, a tall man sat on a seat in front of them. He put on a tall hat. Josse and Robby could not see the screen. Josse tapped the man on the shoulder and asked him to remove his hat. When the man turned around to say sorry, they recognized him. He was Mr Samuel, Josse’s father.

Question                : Why couldn’t  Josse and Robby see the screen ?

Answer                  : The man sitting in front of them wore a tall hat.

6.     INFORMASI TERSIRAT.

Informasi yang tidak tertera secara langsung pada teks bacaan. Untuk memperoleh informasi ini, kita harus memahami dan menyimpulkan bagian tertentu atau keseluruhan isi teks bacaan. (reading between the lines).

Contoh :

Malaysian Local Fruit

Seasonal                                                                         Non-Seasonal

- Only available at certain times of the year                         -  All year round

- Popular                                                                           - Cheap

Why eat more local fruit ?

      - Fresh

   - Good for all skin types

   - Rich in vitamins

   - Easily available at markets, fruit

   - Stalls and supermarkets

      How to serve local fruit ?

    - Wash, cut or peel and serve

    - Chill canned fruits, open the can, pour and serve

    - Make refreshing fruit juices

    - Make fruit jam

    - Make local delicacies for tea-time

Question :

 What is the purpose of this poster ?

Answer :

 To encourage more people to eat local fruits

 (informasi ini tidak tertera langsung pada teks tetapi dengan melihat kalimat atau kata-kata kunci  pada teks seperti Why to serve local fruits?, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tujuan poster ini  adalah untuk mengajak orang untuk makan buah-buahan setempat.

7.    menafsirkan makna kata, frasa dan kalimat berdasarkan konteks;

     keterampilan membaca, dapat berupa : 

      Menentukan rujukan kata (reference word), Menentukan lawan kata (antonym),           

Menentukan kata searti (synonym), menentukan definisi (definition),     

dari kata, frasa atau kalimat yang terdapat dalam teks bacaan. 

contoh :

Jogging is a very popular activity in New York City. In the Winter the weather is too cold for it. But in the spring, it is warmer and many New Yorkers go out to jog in Central Park. This is a very good place to run.

Question :

What does the underlined word “it” refer to ?

What does the word “This” refer to ?

Answer :

Jogging

Central Park

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